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1 водолазный скафандр
1) Naval: diving armor, diving dress, hard-hat equipment2) Engineering: diving suit, dry suit3) Makarov: dry suite, submarine armourУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > водолазный скафандр
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2 скафандр
clean bench, ( герметичный пылезащитный стол с перчатками для оператора) clean booth, dry box, glove box* * *скафа́ндр м.:водола́зный скафа́ндр — diving-dress, diving-suit, submarine armourвлеза́ть в водола́зный скафа́ндр — enter a diving-dressвысо́тный скафа́ндр — altitude [full pressure] suitкосми́ческий скафа́ндр — space suitкосми́ческий, автоно́мный скафа́ндр ( для выхода в открытый космос) — extra-vehicular (activity) [EVA] (space) suitкосми́ческий скафа́ндр для рабо́ты на борту́ КЛА — intra-vehicular space suitскафа́ндр подво́дного гравиме́тра — pressure housing -
3 Rickover, Admiral Hyman George
[br]b. 27 January 1900 Russian Polandd. 8 July 1986 Arlington, Virginia, USA[br]Polish/American naval officer, one of the principal architects of the United States nuclear submarine programme.[br]Born in Poland, Rickover was brought to the United States early in his life by his father, who settled in Chicago as a tailor. Commissioned into the US Navy in 1922, he specialized in electrical engineering (graduating from the US Naval Postgraduate School, Columbia, in 1929), quali-fied as a Submariner in 1931 and then held various posts until appointed Head of the Electrical Section of the Bureau of Ships in 1939. He held this post until the end of the Second World War.Rickover was involved briefly in the "Manhattan" atomic bomb project before being assigned to an atomic energy submarine project in 1946. Ultimately he was made responsible for the development and building of the world's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus. He was convinced of the need to make the nuclear submarine an instrument of strategic importance, and this led to the development of the ballistic missile submarine and the Polaris programme.Throughout his career he was no stranger to controversy; indeed, his remaining on the active service list as a full admiral until the age of 82 (when forced to retire on the direct intervention of the Navy Secretary) indicates a man beyond the ordinary. He imposed his will on all around him and backed it with a brilliant and clear-thinking brain; his influence was even felt by the Royal Navy during the building of the first British nuclear submarine, HMS Dreadnought. He made many friends, but he also had many detractors.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsUS Distinguished Service Medal with Gold Star. Honorary CBE. US Congress Special Gold Medal 1959. Numerous awards and honorary degrees.BibliographyRickover wrote several treatises on education and on the education of engineers. He also wrote on several aspects of the technical history of the US Navy.Further ReadingW.R.Anderson and C.Blair, 1959, Nautilus 90 North, London: Hodder \& Stoughton. E.L.Beach, 1986, The United States Navy, New York: Henry Holt.FMWBiographical history of technology > Rickover, Admiral Hyman George
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4 Colt, Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 19 July 1814 Hartford, Connecticut, USAd. 10 January 1862 Hartford, Connecticut, USA[br]American inventor of the revolver.[br]The son of a textile manufacturer, as a youth Colt displayed an interest in chemistry, largely through bleaching and dyeing processes used in his father's business, and lectured to lay audiences on it. In 1832 he took ship as a deckhand on a voyage to India; the concept of the revolver is supposed to have come to him from watching the ship's wheel.Upon his return to the USA he described the idea to the US Patent Office, but did not register it until four years later, having taken out patents in Britain and France during a visit to Europe in 1835. He formed a company to manufacture his invention, but it failed in 1842. Even so, note had been taken of his weapon, and in 1846, upon the outbreak of the war with Mexico, the US Government placed an order for his revolver that was executed by the Eli Whitney arms factory in his native Hartford. Thereafter Colt set up another company, this time successfully. He also took an interest in other fields, experimenting with a submarine battery and electrically detonated mines, and opened a submarine telegraph between New York and Coney Island in 1843.CM -
5 वारः _vārḥ
वारः [वृ-घञ्]1 That which covers, a cover.-2 A multitude, large number; as in वारयुवति; ते स्ववारं समा- स्थाय वर्त्मकर्मणि कोविदाः Rām.2.8.5.-3 A heap, quan- tity.-4 A herd, flock; वारी वारैः सस्मरे वारणानाम् Śi.18. 56.-5 A day of the week; as in बुधवार, शनिवार.-6 Time, turn; शशकस्य वारः समायातः Pt.1; अप्सरावारपर्यायेण V.5; R.19.18; often used in pl. like the English 'times'; बहुवारान् 'many times', कतिवारान् 'how many times'.-7 An occasion, opportunity.-8 A door, gate.-9 The opposite bank of a river.-1 N. of Śiva.-11 Ved. A tail.-रम् 1 A vessel for holding spirituous liquor.-2 A mass of water (जलसंघ).-Comp. -अङ्गना, -नारी, -युवति f.,योषित् f.,-वधू, -वनिता, विलासिनी, -सुन्दरी, -स्त्री 'a woman of the multitude', a common woman, harlot, courtezan, prostitute; Ratn.1. 26; Ś. Til.16.-कीरः 1 a wife's brother (according to Trik. Medinī spells with ब).-2 the submarine fire.-3 a hair-dresser or comb.-4 a louse.-5 a courser.-6 a carrier, porter; (these meanings are given in Medinī).-बु(बू)षा the plantain tree.-मुख्या the chief of a number of harlots.-बा (वा) णः, -णम् 1 Armour, a coat of mail; अगमत् कैतकं रजः । तद्योधवारबाणानामयत्न- पटवासताम् R.4.55; Śi.15.118; धुन्वाना जगृहुर्बाणान् वारबाण- विदारणान् Parṇāl.5.68.-2 a variety of blanket; Kau. A.2.11.-योगः powder.-वाणिः 1 a piper, player on a flute.-2 a musician.-3 a year.-4 a judge. (-णिः f.) a harlot.-वाणी a harlot.-वृषा 1 corn.-2 the plantain tree.-वेला a time or period of the day when no act is performed; कृतमुनियमशरमङ्गलरामर्तुषु भास्करादि- यामार्धे । प्रभवति हि वारवेला न शुभा शुभकार्यचरणाय ॥ Jyotistat- tvam.-सेवा 1 harlotry, prostitution.-2 a number of harlots. -
6 Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside
[br]b. 26 November 1810 Shieldfield, Newcastle upon Tyne, Englandd. 27 December 1900 Cragside, Northumbria, England[br]English inventor, engineer and entrepreneur in hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding and the production of artillery.[br]The only son of a corn merchant, Alderman William Armstrong, he was educated at private schools in Newcastle and at Bishop Auckland Grammar School. He then became an articled clerk in the office of Armorer Donkin, a solicitor and a friend of his father. During a fishing trip he saw a water-wheel driven by an open stream to work a marble-cutting machine. He felt that its efficiency would be improved by introducing the water to the wheel in a pipe. He developed an interest in hydraulics and in electricity, and became a popular lecturer on these subjects. From 1838 he became friendly with Henry Watson of the High Bridge Works, Newcastle, and for six years he visited the Works almost daily, studying turret clocks, telescopes, papermaking machinery, surveying instruments and other equipment being produced. There he had built his first hydraulic machine, which generated 5 hp when run off the Newcastle town water-mains. He then designed and made a working model of a hydraulic crane, but it created little interest. In 1845, after he had served this rather unconventional apprenticeship at High Bridge Works, he was appointed Secretary of the newly formed Whittle Dene Water Company. The same year he proposed to the town council of Newcastle the conversion of one of the quayside cranes to his hydraulic operation which, if successful, should also be applied to a further four cranes. This was done by the Newcastle Cranage Company at High Bridge Works. In 1847 he gave up law and formed W.G.Armstrong \& Co. to manufacture hydraulic machinery in a works at Elswick. Orders for cranes, hoists, dock gates and bridges were obtained from mines; docks and railways.Early in the Crimean War, the War Office asked him to design and make submarine mines to blow up ships that were sunk by the Russians to block the entrance to Sevastopol harbour. The mines were never used, but this set him thinking about military affairs and brought him many useful contacts at the War Office. Learning that two eighteen-pounder British guns had silenced a whole Russian battery but were too heavy to move over rough ground, he carried out a thorough investigation and proposed light field guns with rifled barrels to fire elongated lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. He delivered his first gun in 1855; it was built of a steel core and wound-iron wire jacket. The barrel was multi-grooved and the gun weighed a quarter of a ton and could fire a 3 lb (1.4 kg) projectile. This was considered too light and was sent back to the factory to be rebored to take a 5 lb (2.3 kg) shot. The gun was a complete success and Armstrong was then asked to design and produce an equally successful eighteen-pounder. In 1859 he was appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance and was knighted. However, there was considerable opposition from the notably conservative officers of the Army who resented the intrusion of this civilian engineer in their affairs. In 1862, contracts with the Elswick Ordnance Company were terminated, and the Government rejected breech-loading and went back to muzzle-loading. Armstrong resigned and concentrated on foreign sales, which were successful worldwide.The search for a suitable proving ground for a 12-ton gun led to an interest in shipbuilding at Elswick from 1868. This necessitated the replacement of an earlier stone bridge with the hydraulically operated Tyne Swing Bridge, which weighed some 1450 tons and allowed a clear passage for shipping. Hydraulic equipment on warships became more complex and increasing quantities of it were made at the Elswick works, which also flourished with the reintroduction of the breech-loader in 1878. In 1884 an open-hearth acid steelworks was added to the Elswick facilities. In 1897 the firm merged with Sir Joseph Whitworth \& Co. to become Sir W.G.Armstrong Whitworth \& Co. After Armstrong's death a further merger with Vickers Ltd formed Vickers Armstrong Ltd.In 1879 Armstrong took a great interest in Joseph Swan's invention of the incandescent electric light-bulb. He was one of those who formed the Swan Electric Light Company, opening a factory at South Benwell to make the bulbs. At Cragside, his mansion at Roth bury, he installed a water turbine and generator, making it one of the first houses in England to be lit by electricity.Armstrong was a noted philanthropist, building houses for his workforce, and endowing schools, hospitals and parks. His last act of charity was to purchase Bamburgh Castle, Northumbria, in 1894, intending to turn it into a hospital or a convalescent home, but he did not live long enough to complete the work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1859. FRS 1846. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Institution of Civil Engineers; British Association for the Advancement of Science 1863. Baron Armstrong of Cragside 1887.Further ReadingE.R.Jones, 1886, Heroes of Industry', London: Low.D.J.Scott, 1962, A History of Vickers, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside
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